Optimal switchover times between two activities utilizing the same resource

The “gold‐mining” decision problem is concerned with the efficient utilization of a delicate mining equipment working in a number of different mines. Richard Bellman was the first to consider this type of a problem. The solution found by Bellman for the finite‐horizon, continuous‐time version of the problem with two mines is not overly realistic since he assumed that fractional parts of the same mining equipment could be used in different mines and this fraction could change instantaneously. In this paper, we provide some extensions to this model in order to produce more operational and realistic solutions. Our first model is concerned with developing an operational policy where the equipment may be switched from one mine to the other at most once during a finite horizon. In the next extension we incorporate a cost component in the objective function and assume that the horizon length is not fixed but it is the second decision variable. Structural properties of the optimal solutions are obtained using nonlinear programming. Each model and its solution is illustrated with a numerical example. The models developed here may have potential applications in other areas including production of items requiring the same machine or choosing a sequence of activities requiring the same resource. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 49: 186–203, 2002; DOI 10.1002/nav.10008     

石河子移民文化对当地少数民族文化的影响

文化通性使不同民族文化之间的学习和交融成为可能，新疆石河子是以汉族移民为主体的移民地区，不同地域移民带来的文化互相碰撞交融，与兵团文化结合形成了独具特色的石河子多元一体地域文化。本文从经济生活、宗教信仰和民俗习惯、教育观和生育观几个方面来分析石河子特殊的移民文化对当地少数民族文化产生的影响。     

海洋环境中基于WVD的LFM信号检测方法

海洋环境中弱信号的谱与海杂波的谱相混叠 ,目标和背景的位置差异很小 ,经典的频域或空域处理对海杂波中弱信号的检测难以奏效。鉴于Wigner-Ville分布 (WVD)对线性调频信号 (LFM )具有时频聚集性这一特点 ,提出了一种海洋环境中基于WVD的LFM信号检测方法。利用雷达采集的真实海杂波数据 ,在不同信杂比的条件下 ,研究了该方法与经典频域法在信号检测中的差别。通过实验分析 ,与经典方法相比 ,该方法具有明显的优越性 ,且信杂比达到 -14 . 3dB时 ,其仍能很好地对信号进行检测。     

维和任务区当地译员的重要作用与素质要求

维和行动中的当地译员是一个特殊群体,在维和任务中具有重要作用。当地译员必须具备保密性、中立性、服务性等基本素质。因此,最大限度地调动当地译员的工作热情、提高其职业素质、是保证维和行动顺利完成的重要环节。     

Rebels of the frontier: origins,organization, and recruitment of the Pakistani Taliban

The Pakistani Taliban, factionalized into some 40 groups, form a decentralized insurgent movement, often characterized by infighting, divergent motivations, and a shifting web of alliances. The Pakistani Taliban remain little understood because most scholars have avoided a serious treatment of the insurgent movement and instead focused on analyzing the geopolitics of the region and Pakistan's ‘double game’. This article seeks to fill this gap by dissecting the movement through selected theories of organization and mobilization. First, I explain the various dimensions of the conflict and the origins of the insurgency. Next, I discuss the Pakistani Taliban's political organization, categorizing it as composed of various warlord regimes. I further list the Taliban's component groups and numerical strength and chart the leadership structure. Lastly, I analyze insurgent recruitment strategies, accounting for the role of selective incentives, coercion, and genuine grievances.     

高科技武器装备发展推动作战理念的创新

结合美国在近几年的几次局部战争中所使用的高科技的信息化武器装备、远程作战武器和精确打击武器等武器装备,研究分析了高科技武器装备的发展动态,促进产生了一些新的作战理念(战术战法、作战理论),如网络中心战、夺取制信息权、非对称作战和非线性作战,而新的作战理念又推动了高科技武器装备的完善和进一步发展。同时还分析了高科技武器装备目前尚存在的一些不足。     

一种新的保持分形特征的分形变形方法

针对IFS吸引子变形过程中间出现的分形特征退化的问题,提出基于局部吸引子的近似凸包及旋转匹配的特征对应方法.IFS吸引子的局部吸引子可由独立的IFS生成,IFS中每个压缩仿射映射存在不动点,构造所有不动点的凸包,即得到局部近似凸包;证明了局部近似凸包间的相似对应等价于局部吸引子间的相似对应,并提出了通过旋转匹配的特征对应方法实现局部近似凸包的配对,最后计算所有配对下相似度最高的一组局部近似凸包匹配,确定局部吸引子间的特征对应,即IFS特征对应.对两个IFS进行线性插值可实现保持分形特征的分形变形.     

Local search methods for the discrete time/resource trade-off problem in project networks

In this paper we consider the discrete time/resource trade-off problem in project networks. Given a project network consisting of nodes (activities) and arcs (technological precedence relations), in which the duration of the activities is a discrete, nonincreasing function of the amount of a single renewable resource committed to it, the discrete time/resource trade-off problem minimizes the project makespan subject to precedence constraints and a single renewable resource constraint. For each activity, a work content is specified such that all execution modes (duration/resource requirement pairs) for performing the activity are allowed as long as the product of the duration and the resource requirement is at least as large as the specified work content. We present a tabu search procedure which is based on a decomposition of the problem into a mode assignment phase and a resource-constrained project scheduling phase with fixed mode assignments. Extensive computational experience, including a comparison with other local search methods, is reported. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 45: 553–578, 1998     

一种改进的指纹图像局部方向场匹配方法

指纹方向场真实地反映了指纹图像中本质的纹理特征,包括了指纹的基本形状、结构和走势。定义了局部方向场图像的描述方法,可以根据纹理信息有效地描述并区分不同的细节点。在低质量指纹图像,特别是存在较严重非线性形变的指纹图像中,细节点方向属性不够可靠,使得以细节点对作为参考对齐局部方向场图像的方法效果不佳。提出一种改进的局部方向场图像对齐和匹配方法,能够明显改善局部对齐效果,提高局部匹配的准确性,从而更加有效地区分对应和不对应细节点。实验结果验证了提出方法的有效性。     

河道型水库区下垫面和地形改变对局地降水量影响

河道型水库区降水由于受到库区地形和下垫面改变的影响，研究降水与地形和下垫面改变之间的关系对于库区的生产生活非常重要。依据水汽循环理论，考虑了地形起伏引起的气流运动路径改变，以及下垫面变化引起的水库区渗透量、蒸发量和地面植被截留量的变化，推导出局地降水量与地形起伏和下垫面改变之间的关系，以三峡库区重庆段为例，对结果进行验证。计算结果表明：在下垫面改变和地形升高的作用下，年均降水量有所增加，计算结果与库区气象站检测结果较为接近。